Brunei

Economy

• GDP

  : 15.0 B$ (2025)

• GDP per capita

  : 32235 $ (2025)

• GDP growth

  : 0.7 % (2025)

• GDP, PPP

  : 43.1 B$ (2025)

• GDP per capita, PPP

  : 92430 $ (2025)

• Price level (relative cost of living)

  : 0.37 (2024)

• Inflation

  : -0.3 % (2025)

• Unemployment

  : 5.3 % (2025)

• Youth unemployment (ages 15-24)

  : 18.2 % (2025)

• Exports

  : 71.6 % (2025)

• Imports

  : 52.0 % (2025)

• Trade balance (goods and services)

  : 2.9 B$ (2025)

• Current account balance

  : 18.0 % (2025)

• Total reserves

  : 5.5 B$ (2025)

• Foreign direct investment

  : 0.4 % (2025)

• Agriculture

  : 1.2 % (2025)

• Industry

  : 60.0 % (2025)

• Services

  : 40.2 % (2025)

• Outward foreign direct investment

  : -0.6 % (2025)

Demographics

• Population

  : 466 330 (2025)

• Population growth

  : 0.8 % (2025)

• Net migration

  : 0.0 (2025)

• Population density

  : 87.1 (2023)

• Life expectancy

  : 75.5 yrs (2024)

• Fertility rate

  : 1.73 (2024)

• Birth rate

  : 13.3 (2024)

• Death rate

  : 5.33 (2024)

• Urban population

  : 75.0 % (2025)

• Rural population

  : 25.0 % (2025)

• Labor force

  : 237 763 (2025)

• Infant mortality (under one year)

  : 0.8 % (2023)

• Age dependency ratio

  : 38.0 % (2023)

• Share of women in the population

  : 46.9 % (2025)

• Refugee population hosted

  : 0.0 (2024)

Social

• Education expenditure

  : 4.4 % (2016)

• Health expenditure

  : 2.2 % (2023)

• Internet users

  : 96.3 % (2024)

• Mobile subscriptions

  : 118.1 (2024)

• Access to electricity

  : 100.0 % (2024)

• Access to basic drinking water

  : 100.0 % (2024)

• PISA score — mathematics

  : 442.1 (2022)

• PISA score — reading literacy

  : 429.2 (2022)

• PISA score — science

  : 445.9 (2022)

• Mean years of schooling

  : 9.3 yrs (2023)

• Harmonised learning outcomes

  : 437.5 (2020)

• Labour force participation (ages 25-64)

  : 67.3 % (2025)

• Gender pay gap

  : 0.3 % (2017)

Defense

• Armed forces personnel

  : 8 000 (2020)

• Military expenditure

  : 3.6 % (2024)

• Death rate from armed conflicts

  : 0.0 (2025)

Environment

• CO₂ per capita

  : 20.2 (2024)

• CO₂ (consumption-based) per capita

  : 20.9 (2022)

• Renewable energy

  : 0.0 % (2021)

• Renewable electricity production

  : 0.0 % (2021)

• Energy consumption

  : 8 658 (2023)

• Forest area

  : 72.1 % (2023)

• Threatened bird species

  : 39.0 (2022)

• Threatened fish species

  : 61.0 (2022)

• Threatened mammal species

  : 37.0 (2022)

• Electricity from coal

  : 19.8 % (2024)

• Electricity from gas

  : 79.1 % (2024)

• Electricity from hydropower

  : 0.0 % (2024)

• Electricity from nuclear

  : 0.0 % (2024)

• Electricity from solar

  : 0.2 % (2024)

• Electricity from wind

  : 0.0 % (2024)

• Greenhouse gases per capita

  : 30.4 (2024)

• Greenhouse gases (total)

  : 14.1 M (2024)

• Fine particulate exposure (PM2.5)

  : 8.90 (2024)

• Tree cover loss

  : 851.9 (2025)

• Forest area (absolute)

  : 380.0 (2020)

Health

• DTP3 immunization coverage

  : 99.0 % (2024)

• Measles immunization coverage

  : 99.0 % (2024)

• Under-five mortality

  : 9.90 (2024)

• Maternal mortality ratio

  : 36.0 (2023)

• Non-communicable disease mortality (ages 30-70)

  : 14.9 % (2021)

• Hypertension prevalence (ages 30-79)

  : 45.6 % (2019)

• Adult obesity prevalence

  : 33.5 % (2022)

• Diabetes prevalence (ages 20-79)

  : 13.7 % (2024)

• Smoking prevalence, adults (age-standardized)

  : 14.5 % (2024)

• Universal health coverage

  : 84.0 (2023)

• Physicians

  : 1.89 (2021)

• Hospital beds

  : 3.58 (2023)

• Adolescent fertility (ages 15-19)

  : 8.05 (2024)

Public finances

• General government debt

  : 2.1 % (2022)

• Primary balance

  : 2.5 % (2022)

Governance

• Control of corruption

  : 1.19 (2024)

• Government effectiveness

  : 0.84 (2024)

• Intentional homicides

  : 0.49 (2013)

• Political stability

  : 1.20 (2024)

• Rule of law

  : 0.59 (2024)

• Regulatory quality

  : 0.89 (2024)

• Voice and accountability

  : -0.80 (2024)

Business

• Investment (gross fixed capital formation)

  : 26.9 % (2025)

• New business density

  : 0.47 (2024)

• Credit to the private sector

  : 39.7 % (2020)

• Non-performing bank loans

  : 3.9 % (2020)

• Inward foreign direct investment (amount)

  : 61.8 M$ (2025)

Consumption

• Household consumption

  : 29.3 % (2025)

• Gross national savings

  : 45.3 % (2025)