Eritrea

Economy

• GDP

  : 2.1 B$ (2011)

• GDP per capita

  : 689 $ (2011)

• GDP growth

  : 8.7 % (2011)

• GDP, PPP

  : 5.2 B$ (2011)

• GDP per capita, PPP

  : 1742 $ (2011)

• Price level (relative cost of living)

  : 0.33 (2021)

• Unemployment

  : 6.0 % (2025)

• Youth unemployment (ages 15-24)

  : 10.2 % (2025)

• Exports

  : 18.2 % (2011)

• Imports

  : 29.2 % (2011)

• Trade balance (goods and services)

  : -228.9 M$ (2011)

• Current account balance

  : -14.8 % (2000)

• Total reserves

  : 191.7 M$ (2019)

• Foreign direct investment

  : 1.9 % (2011)

• Agriculture

  : 14.1 % (2009)

• Industry

  : 21.8 % (2009)

• Remittances received

  : 0.5 % (2000)

• Outward foreign direct investment

  : -3.9 % (2000)

Demographics

• Population

  : 3.6 M (2025)

• Population growth

  : 2.0 % (2025)

• Net migration

  : -6 698 (2025)

• Population density

  : 28.6 (2023)

• Life expectancy

  : 68.9 yrs (2024)

• Fertility rate

  : 3.68 (2024)

• Birth rate

  : 28.7 (2024)

• Death rate

  : 6.00 (2024)

• Urban population

  : 34.5 % (2025)

• Rural population

  : 65.5 % (2025)

• Labor force

  : 1.8 M (2025)

• Infant mortality (under one year)

  : 2.7 % (2023)

• Age dependency ratio

  : 74.9 % (2023)

• Share of women in the population

  : 50.6 % (2025)

• Refugee population hosted

  : 119.0 (2024)

Social

• Education expenditure

  : 2.1 % (2006)

• Health expenditure

  : 3.7 % (2023)

• Internet users

  : 14.3 % (2020)

• Mobile subscriptions

  : 59.1 (2022)

• Access to electricity

  : 55.3 % (2024)

• Access to basic drinking water

  : 51.8 % (2016)

• Mean years of schooling

  : 5.1 yrs (2023)

• Labour force participation (ages 25-64)

  : 82.7 % (2025)

Defense

• Armed forces personnel

  : 202 000 (2020)

• Military expenditure

  : 20.9 % (2003)

• Battle-related deaths

  : 4.00 (2022)

• Death rate from armed conflicts

  : 0.0 (2025)

Environment

• CO₂ per capita

  : 0.22 (2024)

• Renewable energy

  : 80.7 % (2021)

• Renewable electricity production

  : 5.1 % (2021)

• Energy consumption

  : 292.3 (2023)

• Forest area

  : 8.6 % (2023)

• Threatened bird species

  : 22.0 (2022)

• Threatened fish species

  : 50.0 (2022)

• Threatened mammal species

  : 16.0 (2022)

• Electricity from coal

  : 0.0 % (2024)

• Electricity from gas

  : 0.0 % (2024)

• Electricity from hydropower

  : 0.0 % (2024)

• Electricity from nuclear

  : 0.0 % (2024)

• Electricity from solar

  : 11.1 % (2024)

• Electricity from wind

  : 0.0 % (2024)

• Greenhouse gases per capita

  : 0.65 (2024)

• Greenhouse gases (total)

  : 2.3 M (2024)

• Fine particulate exposure (PM2.5)

  : 25.0 (2024)

• Tree cover loss

  : 0.07 (2025)

• Renewables regulatory framework (RISE)

  : 7.43 (2023)

• Forest area (absolute)

  : 1 055 (2020)

Health

• DTP3 immunization coverage

  : 95.0 % (2024)

• Measles immunization coverage

  : 93.0 % (2024)

• Under-five mortality

  : 34.3 (2024)

• Maternal mortality ratio

  : 291.0 (2023)

• Non-communicable disease mortality (ages 30-70)

  : 27.3 % (2021)

• Hypertension prevalence (ages 30-79)

  : 24.7 % (2019)

• Adult obesity prevalence

  : 6.6 % (2022)

• Diabetes prevalence (ages 20-79)

  : 4.4 % (2024)

• Universal health coverage

  : 40.0 (2023)

• HIV prevalence (ages 15-49)

  : 0.4 % (2024)

• Physicians

  : 0.09 (2022)

• Hospital beds

  : 1.02 (2023)

• Adolescent fertility (ages 15-19)

  : 65.2 (2024)

Public finances

• General government debt

  : 260.4 % (2019)

• Primary balance

  : 4.5 % (2019)

Governance

• Control of corruption

  : -1.63 (2024)

• Government effectiveness

  : -1.46 (2024)

• Intentional homicides

  : 15.6 (2012)

• Political stability

  : -0.71 (2024)

• Rule of law

  : -1.80 (2024)

• Regulatory quality

  : -2.04 (2024)

• Voice and accountability

  : -2.29 (2024)

• Political regime

  : 0.0 (2025)

• Free and fair elections

  : 0.0 (1965)

Business

• Investment (gross fixed capital formation)

  : 12.6 % (2011)

• Credit to the private sector

  : 53.2 % (2014)

• Inward foreign direct investment (amount)

  : -27.9 M$ (2024)

Consumption

• Household consumption

  : 98.2 % (2011)

• Gross national savings

  : 15.8 % (2000)