Italy

Economy

• GDP

  : 2.55 T$ (2025)

• GDP per capita

  : 43309 $ (2025)

• GDP growth

  : 0.5 % (2025)

• GDP, PPP

  : 3.70 T$ (2025)

• GDP per capita, PPP

  : 62803 $ (2025)

• Price level (relative cost of living)

  : 0.65 (2024)

• Inflation

  : 1.5 % (2025)

• Unemployment

  : 6.4 % (2025)

• Youth unemployment (ages 15-24)

  : 20.5 % (2025)

• Exports

  : 32.2 % (2025)

• Imports

  : 30.3 % (2025)

• Trade balance (goods and services)

  : 49.3 B$ (2025)

• Current account balance

  : 1.1 % (2025)

• Total reserves

  : 434.0 B$ (2025)

• Foreign direct investment

  : 0.0 % (2025)

• Poverty rate

  : 0.9 % (2023)

• Agriculture

  : 2.1 % (2025)

• Industry

  : 22.6 % (2025)

• Services

  : 64.5 % (2025)

• Remittances received

  : 0.5 % (2025)

• Outward foreign direct investment

  : 0.9 % (2025)

Demographics

• Population

  : 58.9 M (2025)

• Population growth

  : -0.1 % (2025)

• Net migration

  : 75 448 (2025)

• Population density

  : 199.5 (2023)

• Life expectancy

  : 84.0 yrs (2024)

• Fertility rate

  : 1.18 (2024)

• Birth rate

  : 6.30 (2024)

• Death rate

  : 11.0 (2024)

• Urban population

  : 69.7 % (2025)

• Rural population

  : 30.3 % (2025)

• Labor force

  : 25.7 M (2025)

• Infant mortality (under one year)

  : 0.2 % (2023)

• Age dependency ratio

  : 57.1 % (2023)

• Share of women in the population

  : 51.1 % (2025)

• Refugee population hosted

  : 312 849 (2024)

Social

• Education expenditure

  : 4.1 % (2022)

• Health expenditure

  : 8.4 % (2024)

• Gini index

  : 34.3 (2023)

• Internet users

  : 89.2 % (2024)

• Mobile subscriptions

  : 132.6 (2024)

• Access to electricity

  : 100.0 % (2024)

• Access to basic drinking water

  : 99.9 % (2024)

• Median income

  : 49 $ (2023)

• Income share of the top 10%

  : 25.8 % (2023)

• PISA score — mathematics

  : 471.3 (2022)

• PISA score — reading literacy

  : 481.6 (2022)

• PISA score — science

  : 477.5 (2022)

• Primary school completion

  : 99.9 % (2025)

• Mean years of schooling

  : 10.8 yrs (2023)

• Harmonised learning outcomes

  : 493.0 (2020)

• Bank account ownership

  : 74.6 % (2024)

• Labour force participation (ages 25-64)

  : 64.3 % (2025)

• Gender pay gap

  : -2.5 % (2020)

Defense

• Armed forces personnel

  : 338 000 (2020)

• Military expenditure

  : 1.6 % (2024)

• Battle-related deaths

  : 0.0 (1993)

• Death rate from armed conflicts

  : 0.0 (2025)

Environment

• CO₂ per capita

  : 5.08 (2024)

• CO₂ (consumption-based) per capita

  : 7.39 (2022)

• Renewable energy

  : 17.5 % (2021)

• Renewable electricity production

  : 41.0 % (2021)

• Energy consumption

  : 2 231 (2024)

• Forest area

  : 32.9 % (2023)

• Threatened bird species

  : 19.0 (2022)

• Threatened fish species

  : 72.0 (2022)

• Threatened mammal species

  : 9.00 (2022)

• Electricity from coal

  : 1.4 % (2025)

• Electricity from gas

  : 47.4 % (2025)

• Electricity from hydropower

  : 15.7 % (2025)

• Electricity from nuclear

  : 0.0 % (2025)

• Electricity from solar

  : 16.9 % (2025)

• Electricity from wind

  : 8.1 % (2025)

• Greenhouse gases per capita

  : 5.49 (2024)

• Greenhouse gases (total)

  : 325.7 M (2024)

• Fine particulate exposure (PM2.5)

  : 15.2 (2024)

• Tree cover loss

  : 29 315 (2025)

• Renewables regulatory framework (RISE)

  : 84.1 (2023)

• Forest area (absolute)

  : 9 566 (2020)

Health

• DTP3 immunization coverage

  : 94.0 % (2024)

• Measles immunization coverage

  : 95.0 % (2024)

• Under-five mortality

  : 2.70 (2024)

• Maternal mortality ratio

  : 6.00 (2023)

• Non-communicable disease mortality (ages 30-70)

  : 9.1 % (2021)

• Hypertension prevalence (ages 30-79)

  : 28.6 % (2019)

• Adult obesity prevalence

  : 17.0 % (2022)

• Diabetes prevalence (ages 20-79)

  : 7.7 % (2024)

• Smoking prevalence, adults (age-standardized)

  : 22.4 % (2024)

• Universal health coverage

  : 82.0 (2023)

• HIV prevalence (ages 15-49)

  : 0.3 % (2024)

• Physicians

  : 4.19 (2022)

• Hospital beds

  : 3.06 (2022)

• Adolescent fertility (ages 15-19)

  : 2.87 (2024)

Public finances

• Government expenditure

  : 47.3 % (2023)

• Fiscal balance

  : -3.4 % (2024)

• General government debt

  : 144.4 % (2022)

• Primary balance

  : -3.8 % (2022)

Governance

• Control of corruption

  : 0.55 (2024)

• Government effectiveness

  : 0.79 (2024)

• Intentional homicides

  : 0.57 (2023)

• Political stability

  : 0.31 (2024)

• Rule of law

  : 0.62 (2024)

• Regulatory quality

  : 0.64 (2024)

• Voice and accountability

  : 1.07 (2024)

• Political regime

  : 3.00 (2025)

• Free and fair elections

  : 1.00 (2025)

Business

• Investment (gross fixed capital formation)

  : 21.8 % (2025)

• New business density

  : 3.09 (2024)

• Credit to the private sector

  : 83.3 % (2020)

• Non-performing bank loans

  : 4.4 % (2020)

• Inward foreign direct investment (amount)

  : 882.9 M$ (2025)

Consumption

• Household consumption

  : 57.6 % (2025)

• Gross national savings

  : 23.4 % (2025)

Well-being

• Self-reported life satisfaction

  : 6.57 (2025)