Jamaica

Economy

• GDP

  : 22.7 B$ (2025)

• GDP per capita

  : 8003 $ (2025)

• GDP growth

  : 0.1 % (2025)

• GDP, PPP

  : 37.7 B$ (2025)

• GDP per capita, PPP

  : 13291 $ (2025)

• Price level (relative cost of living)

  : 0.60 (2024)

• Inflation

  : 4.0 % (2025)

• Unemployment

  : 3.3 % (2025)

• Youth unemployment (ages 15-24)

  : 10.8 % (2025)

• Current account balance

  : 3.1 % (2024)

• Total reserves

  : 6.3 B$ (2025)

• Foreign direct investment

  : 1.4 % (2024)

• Poverty rate

  : 1.4 % (2021)

• Agriculture

  : 8.7 % (2025)

• Industry

  : 16.3 % (2025)

• Services

  : 59.8 % (2025)

• Remittances received

  : 16.2 % (2024)

• Outward foreign direct investment

  : 0.0 % (2024)

Demographics

• Population

  : 2.8 M (2025)

• Population growth

  : -0.1 % (2025)

• Net migration

  : -11 053 (2025)

• Population density

  : 262.2 (2023)

• Life expectancy

  : 71.6 yrs (2024)

• Fertility rate

  : 1.35 (2024)

• Birth rate

  : 11.4 (2024)

• Death rate

  : 8.21 (2024)

• Urban population

  : 59.4 % (2025)

• Rural population

  : 40.6 % (2025)

• Labor force

  : 1.6 M (2025)

• Infant mortality (under one year)

  : 1.6 % (2023)

• Age dependency ratio

  : 37.0 % (2023)

• Share of women in the population

  : 50.6 % (2025)

• Refugee population hosted

  : 31.0 (2022)

Social

• Education expenditure

  : 5.5 % (2024)

• Health expenditure

  : 7.6 % (2023)

• Gini index

  : 39.9 (2021)

• Internet users

  : 90.1 % (2024)

• Mobile subscriptions

  : 117.7 (2024)

• Access to electricity

  : 97.7 % (2024)

• Access to basic drinking water

  : 87.6 % (2024)

• Median income

  : 14 $ (2021)

• Income share of the top 10%

  : 29.6 % (2021)

• PISA score — mathematics

  : 377.4 (2022)

• PISA score — reading literacy

  : 409.6 (2022)

• PISA score — science

  : 402.9 (2022)

• Primary school completion

  : 99.4 % (2025)

• Mean years of schooling

  : 10.0 yrs (2023)

• Harmonised learning outcomes

  : 387.1 (2020)

• Bank account ownership

  : 58.8 % (2021)

• Labour force participation (ages 25-64)

  : 78.2 % (2025)

• Gender pay gap

  : -6.2 % (2014)

Defense

• Armed forces personnel

  : 6 000 (2020)

• Military expenditure

  : 1.3 % (2024)

• Death rate from armed conflicts

  : 0.0 (2025)

Environment

• CO₂ per capita

  : 2.84 (2024)

• CO₂ (consumption-based) per capita

  : 2.54 (2022)

• Renewable energy

  : 10.5 % (2021)

• Renewable electricity production

  : 12.8 % (2021)

• Energy consumption

  : 934.9 (2023)

• Forest area

  : 56.2 % (2023)

• Threatened bird species

  : 10.0 (2022)

• Threatened fish species

  : 48.0 (2022)

• Threatened mammal species

  : 7.00 (2022)

• Electricity from coal

  : 0.0 % (2024)

• Electricity from gas

  : 56.9 % (2024)

• Electricity from hydropower

  : 2.4 % (2024)

• Electricity from nuclear

  : 0.0 % (2024)

• Electricity from solar

  : 3.0 % (2024)

• Electricity from wind

  : 5.9 % (2024)

• Greenhouse gases per capita

  : 3.14 (2024)

• Greenhouse gases (total)

  : 8.9 M (2024)

• Fine particulate exposure (PM2.5)

  : 17.6 (2024)

• Tree cover loss

  : 21 170 (2025)

• Renewables regulatory framework (RISE)

  : 32.9 (2023)

• Forest area (absolute)

  : 596.9 (2020)

Health

• DTP3 immunization coverage

  : 99.0 % (2024)

• Measles immunization coverage

  : 94.0 % (2024)

• Under-five mortality

  : 17.8 (2024)

• Maternal mortality ratio

  : 130.0 (2023)

• Non-communicable disease mortality (ages 30-70)

  : 20.2 % (2021)

• Hypertension prevalence (ages 30-79)

  : 47.8 % (2019)

• Adult obesity prevalence

  : 48.1 % (2022)

• Diabetes prevalence (ages 20-79)

  : 12.5 % (2024)

• Smoking prevalence, adults (age-standardized)

  : 11.5 % (2024)

• Universal health coverage

  : 74.0 (2023)

• HIV prevalence (ages 15-49)

  : 1.1 % (2024)

• Physicians

  : 0.46 (2023)

• Hospital beds

  : 1.65 (2023)

• Adolescent fertility (ages 15-19)

  : 36.1 (2024)

Public finances

• Government expenditure

  : 27.5 % (2020)

• Fiscal balance

  : -2.8 % (2020)

• General government debt

  : 77.1 % (2022)

• Primary balance

  : 5.8 % (2022)

Governance

• Control of corruption

  : -0.10 (2024)

• Government effectiveness

  : 0.17 (2024)

• Intentional homicides

  : 49.4 (2023)

• Political stability

  : 0.48 (2024)

• Rule of law

  : -0.08 (2024)

• Regulatory quality

  : 0.09 (2024)

• Voice and accountability

  : 0.49 (2024)

• Political regime

  : 2.00 (2025)

• Free and fair elections

  : 1.00 (2025)

Business

• New business density

  : 2.60 (2024)

• Credit to the private sector

  : 56.3 % (2020)

• Non-performing bank loans

  : 11.0 % (2000)

• Inward foreign direct investment (amount)

  : 305.1 M$ (2024)

Well-being

• Self-reported life satisfaction

  : 6.30 (2025)