Kazakhstan

Economy

• GDP

  : 306.2 B$ (2025)

• GDP per capita

  : 14692 $ (2025)

• GDP growth

  : 6.5 % (2025)

• GDP, PPP

  : 923.2 B$ (2025)

• GDP per capita, PPP

  : 44293 $ (2025)

• Price level (relative cost of living)

  : 0.35 (2024)

• Inflation

  : 11.4 % (2025)

• Unemployment

  : 4.8 % (2025)

• Youth unemployment (ages 15-24)

  : 3.8 % (2025)

• Exports

  : 31.6 % (2024)

• Imports

  : 25.6 % (2024)

• Trade balance (goods and services)

  : 17.5 B$ (2024)

• Current account balance

  : -4.1 % (2025)

• Total reserves

  : 66.1 B$ (2025)

• Foreign direct investment

  : -0.3 % (2025)

• Poverty rate

  : 0.0 % (2021)

• Agriculture

  : 3.7 % (2025)

• Industry

  : 32.3 % (2025)

• Services

  : 57.7 % (2025)

• Remittances received

  : 0.1 % (2025)

• Outward foreign direct investment

  : 0.2 % (2025)

Demographics

• Population

  : 20.8 M (2025)

• Population growth

  : 1.2 % (2025)

• Net migration

  : -8 834 (2025)

• Population density

  : 7.53 (2023)

• Life expectancy

  : 74.5 yrs (2024)

• Fertility rate

  : 2.98 (2024)

• Birth rate

  : 19.5 (2024)

• Death rate

  : 6.70 (2024)

• Urban population

  : 62.4 % (2025)

• Rural population

  : 37.6 % (2025)

• Labor force

  : 10.0 M (2025)

• Infant mortality (under one year)

  : 0.8 % (2023)

• Age dependency ratio

  : 60.9 % (2023)

• Share of women in the population

  : 51.3 % (2025)

• Refugee population hosted

  : 65 833 (2024)

Social

• Education expenditure

  : 4.9 % (2023)

• Health expenditure

  : 3.8 % (2023)

• Gini index

  : 29.2 (2021)

• Internet users

  : 93.4 % (2024)

• Mobile subscriptions

  : 127.1 (2024)

• Access to electricity

  : 100.0 % (2024)

• Access to basic drinking water

  : 97.8 % (2024)

• Median income

  : 12 $ (2021)

• Income share of the top 10%

  : 24.8 % (2021)

• PISA score — mathematics

  : 425.4 (2022)

• PISA score — reading literacy

  : 386.3 (2022)

• PISA score — science

  : 423.2 (2022)

• Primary school completion

  : 99.7 % (2025)

• Mean years of schooling

  : 12.5 yrs (2023)

• Harmonised learning outcomes

  : 416.2 (2020)

• Bank account ownership

  : 46.1 % (2024)

• Labour force participation (ages 25-64)

  : 85.3 % (2025)

Defense

• Armed forces personnel

  : 71 000 (2020)

• Military expenditure

  : 0.4 % (2024)

• Death rate from armed conflicts

  : 0.0 (2025)

Environment

• CO₂ per capita

  : 12.6 (2024)

• CO₂ (consumption-based) per capita

  : 6.90 (2022)

• Renewable energy

  : 2.0 % (2021)

• Renewable electricity production

  : 11.0 % (2021)

• Energy consumption

  : 3 651 (2023)

• Forest area

  : 1.3 % (2023)

• Threatened bird species

  : 28.0 (2022)

• Threatened fish species

  : 24.0 (2022)

• Threatened mammal species

  : 17.0 (2022)

• Electricity from coal

  : 54.3 % (2025)

• Electricity from gas

  : 29.4 % (2025)

• Electricity from hydropower

  : 8.5 % (2025)

• Electricity from solar

  : 1.6 % (2025)

• Electricity from wind

  : 4.7 % (2025)

• Greenhouse gases per capita

  : 15.7 (2024)

• Greenhouse gases (total)

  : 323.8 M (2024)

• Fine particulate exposure (PM2.5)

  : 16.0 (2024)

• Tree cover loss

  : 3 963 (2025)

• Renewables regulatory framework (RISE)

  : 24.9 (2023)

• Forest area (absolute)

  : 3 455 (2020)

Health

• DTP3 immunization coverage

  : 98.0 % (2024)

• Measles immunization coverage

  : 93.0 % (2024)

• Under-five mortality

  : 9.40 (2024)

• Maternal mortality ratio

  : 10.0 (2023)

• Non-communicable disease mortality (ages 30-70)

  : 21.2 % (2021)

• Hypertension prevalence (ages 30-79)

  : 42.5 % (2019)

• Adult obesity prevalence

  : 18.0 % (2022)

• Diabetes prevalence (ages 20-79)

  : 6.8 % (2024)

• Smoking prevalence, adults (age-standardized)

  : 21.1 % (2024)

• Universal health coverage

  : 83.0 (2023)

• HIV prevalence (ages 15-49)

  : 0.3 % (2024)

• Physicians

  : 3.75 (2023)

• Hospital beds

  : 6.54 (2020)

• Adolescent fertility (ages 15-19)

  : 17.4 (2024)

Public finances

• Government expenditure

  : 17.4 % (2023)

• Fiscal balance

  : -1.1 % (2023)

• General government debt

  : 23.5 % (2022)

• Primary balance

  : 0.8 % (2022)

Governance

• Control of corruption

  : -0.07 (2024)

• Government effectiveness

  : 0.15 (2024)

• Intentional homicides

  : 2.55 (2022)

• Political stability

  : -0.28 (2024)

• Rule of law

  : -0.38 (2024)

• Regulatory quality

  : 0.05 (2024)

• Voice and accountability

  : -0.82 (2024)

• Political regime

  : 1.00 (2025)

• Free and fair elections

  : 0.0 (2025)

Business

• Investment (gross fixed capital formation)

  : 24.3 % (2024)

• New business density

  : 3.35 (2024)

• Credit to the private sector

  : 25.6 % (2020)

• Non-performing bank loans

  : 8.4 % (2020)

• Inward foreign direct investment (amount)

  : -916.4 M$ (2025)

Consumption

• Household consumption

  : 52.3 % (2024)

• Gross national savings

  : 29.0 % (2024)

Well-being

• Self-reported life satisfaction

  : 6.63 (2025)