Latvia

Economy

• GDP

  : 48.6 B$ (2025)

• GDP per capita

  : 26312 $ (2025)

• GDP growth

  : 2.1 % (2025)

• GDP, PPP

  : 85.3 B$ (2025)

• GDP per capita, PPP

  : 46137 $ (2025)

• Price level (relative cost of living)

  : 0.54 (2024)

• Inflation

  : 3.7 % (2025)

• Unemployment

  : 6.6 % (2025)

• Youth unemployment (ages 15-24)

  : 12.9 % (2025)

• Exports

  : 62.6 % (2025)

• Imports

  : 67.2 % (2025)

• Trade balance (goods and services)

  : -2.2 B$ (2025)

• Current account balance

  : -3.4 % (2025)

• Total reserves

  : 6.1 B$ (2025)

• Foreign direct investment

  : 0.5 % (2025)

• Poverty rate

  : 0.4 % (2023)

• Agriculture

  : 4.0 % (2025)

• Industry

  : 18.7 % (2025)

• Services

  : 64.2 % (2025)

• Remittances received

  : 3.0 % (2025)

• Outward foreign direct investment

  : 0.7 % (2025)

• Industrial production

  : 1.2 % (2026)

• Retail sales

  : 6.5 % (2026)

Demographics

• Population

  : 1.8 M (2025)

• Population growth

  : -1.0 % (2025)

• Net migration

  : -7 330 (2025)

• Population density

  : 30.3 (2023)

• Life expectancy

  : 76.4 yrs (2024)

• Fertility rate

  : 1.24 (2024)

• Birth rate

  : 6.90 (2024)

• Death rate

  : 14.3 (2024)

• Urban population

  : 68.6 % (2025)

• Rural population

  : 31.4 % (2025)

• Labor force

  : 948 428 (2025)

• Infant mortality (under one year)

  : 0.3 % (2023)

• Age dependency ratio

  : 58.8 % (2023)

• Share of women in the population

  : 53.6 % (2025)

• Refugee population hosted

  : 49 220 (2024)

Social

• Education expenditure

  : 4.3 % (2022)

• Health expenditure

  : 7.3 % (2023)

• Gini index

  : 34.0 (2023)

• Internet users

  : 92.7 % (2024)

• Mobile subscriptions

  : 121.3 (2024)

• Access to electricity

  : 100.0 % (2024)

• Access to basic drinking water

  : 98.8 % (2024)

• Median income

  : 33 $ (2023)

• Income share of the top 10%

  : 26.2 % (2023)

• PISA score — mathematics

  : 483.2 (2022)

• PISA score — reading literacy

  : 474.6 (2022)

• PISA score — science

  : 493.8 (2022)

• Primary school completion

  : 99.6 % (2025)

• Mean years of schooling

  : 13.4 yrs (2023)

• Harmonised learning outcomes

  : 503.9 (2020)

• Bank account ownership

  : 85.7 % (2024)

• Labour force participation (ages 25-64)

  : 82.3 % (2025)

Defense

• Armed forces personnel

  : 9 000 (2020)

• Military expenditure

  : 3.3 % (2024)

• Death rate from armed conflicts

  : 0.0 (2025)

Environment

• CO₂ per capita

  : 3.65 (2024)

• CO₂ (consumption-based) per capita

  : 7.78 (2022)

• Renewable energy

  : 44.0 % (2021)

• Renewable electricity production

  : 63.6 % (2021)

• Energy consumption

  : 2 271 (2024)

• Forest area

  : 55.0 % (2023)

• Threatened bird species

  : 13.0 (2022)

• Threatened fish species

  : 6.00 (2022)

• Threatened mammal species

  : 1.00 (2022)

• Electricity from coal

  : 0.0 % (2025)

• Electricity from gas

  : 26.1 % (2025)

• Electricity from hydropower

  : 46.9 % (2025)

• Electricity from nuclear

  : 0.0 % (2025)

• Electricity from solar

  : 12.9 % (2025)

• Electricity from wind

  : 3.6 % (2025)

• Greenhouse gases per capita

  : 4.24 (2024)

• Greenhouse gases (total)

  : 7.9 M (2024)

• Fine particulate exposure (PM2.5)

  : 12.7 (2024)

• Tree cover loss

  : 55 492 (2025)

• Forest area (absolute)

  : 3 411 (2020)

Health

• DTP3 immunization coverage

  : 97.0 % (2024)

• Measles immunization coverage

  : 98.0 % (2024)

• Under-five mortality

  : 2.50 (2024)

• Maternal mortality ratio

  : 19.0 (2023)

• Non-communicable disease mortality (ages 30-70)

  : 22.7 % (2021)

• Hypertension prevalence (ages 30-79)

  : 38.9 % (2019)

• Adult obesity prevalence

  : 23.0 % (2022)

• Diabetes prevalence (ages 20-79)

  : 7.1 % (2024)

• Smoking prevalence, adults (age-standardized)

  : 34.6 % (2024)

• Universal health coverage

  : 77.0 (2023)

• HIV prevalence (ages 15-49)

  : 0.5 % (2024)

• Physicians

  : 3.40 (2022)

• Hospital beds

  : 4.95 (2023)

• Adolescent fertility (ages 15-19)

  : 7.25 (2024)

Public finances

• Government expenditure

  : 34.2 % (2023)

• Fiscal balance

  : -2.0 % (2024)

• General government debt

  : 40.8 % (2022)

• Primary balance

  : -3.2 % (2022)

Governance

• Control of corruption

  : 0.83 (2024)

• Government effectiveness

  : 0.74 (2024)

• Intentional homicides

  : 2.50 (2023)

• Political stability

  : 0.62 (2024)

• Rule of law

  : 1.09 (2024)

• Regulatory quality

  : 1.10 (2024)

• Voice and accountability

  : 1.13 (2024)

• Political regime

  : 3.00 (2025)

• Free and fair elections

  : 1.00 (2025)

Business

• Investment (gross fixed capital formation)

  : 23.5 % (2025)

• New business density

  : 7.02 (2024)

• Credit to the private sector

  : 34.4 % (2020)

• Non-performing bank loans

  : 3.1 % (2020)

• Inward foreign direct investment (amount)

  : 243.7 M$ (2025)

Consumption

• Household consumption

  : 57.6 % (2025)

• Gross national savings

  : 20.7 % (2025)

Well-being

• Self-reported life satisfaction

  : 6.37 (2025)