Madagascar

Economy

• GDP

  : 19.6 B$ (2025)

• GDP per capita

  : 599 $ (2025)

• GDP growth

  : 3.0 % (2025)

• GDP, PPP

  : 63.9 B$ (2025)

• GDP per capita, PPP

  : 1952 $ (2025)

• Price level (relative cost of living)

  : 0.29 (2024)

• Inflation

  : 8.1 % (2025)

• Unemployment

  : 3.0 % (2025)

• Youth unemployment (ages 15-24)

  : 5.2 % (2025)

• Exports

  : 21.3 % (2025)

• Imports

  : 32.9 % (2025)

• Trade balance (goods and services)

  : -2.3 B$ (2025)

• Current account balance

  : -4.3 % (2024)

• Total reserves

  : 2.8 B$ (2024)

• Foreign direct investment

  : 3.4 % (2024)

• Poverty rate

  : 69.2 % (2021)

• Agriculture

  : 21.7 % (2025)

• Industry

  : 23.9 % (2025)

• Services

  : 48.8 % (2025)

• Remittances received

  : 2.3 % (2024)

• Outward foreign direct investment

  : 0.8 % (2024)

Demographics

• Population

  : 32.7 M (2025)

• Population growth

  : 2.4 % (2025)

• Net migration

  : -2 227 (2025)

• Population density

  : 53.6 (2023)

• Life expectancy

  : 63.8 yrs (2024)

• Fertility rate

  : 3.91 (2024)

• Birth rate

  : 31.7 (2024)

• Death rate

  : 7.47 (2024)

• Urban population

  : 32.9 % (2025)

• Rural population

  : 67.1 % (2025)

• Labor force

  : 17.1 M (2025)

• Infant mortality (under one year)

  : 4.5 % (2023)

• Age dependency ratio

  : 75.2 % (2023)

• Share of women in the population

  : 49.8 % (2025)

• Refugee population hosted

  : 83.0 (2024)

Social

• Education expenditure

  : 3.0 % (2023)

• Health expenditure

  : 3.4 % (2023)

• Gini index

  : 36.8 (2021)

• Internet users

  : 18.7 % (2024)

• Mobile subscriptions

  : 75.5 (2023)

• Access to electricity

  : 42.5 % (2024)

• Access to basic drinking water

  : 55.3 % (2024)

• Median income

  : 2 $ (2021)

• Income share of the top 10%

  : 29.6 % (2021)

• Primary school completion

  : 54.0 % (2025)

• Mean years of schooling

  : 4.6 yrs (2023)

• Harmonised learning outcomes

  : 350.8 (2020)

• Bank account ownership

  : 9.5 % (2024)

• Labour force participation (ages 25-64)

  : 78.1 % (2025)

• Gender pay gap

  : -9.5 % (2015)

Defense

• Armed forces personnel

  : 22 000 (2020)

• Military expenditure

  : 0.7 % (2024)

• Death rate from armed conflicts

  : 0.0 (2025)

Environment

• CO₂ per capita

  : 0.15 (2024)

• CO₂ (consumption-based) per capita

  : 0.19 (2022)

• Renewable energy

  : 83.1 % (2022)

• Renewable electricity production

  : 34.1 % (2021)

• Energy consumption

  : 304.4 (2023)

• Forest area

  : 21.3 % (2023)

• Threatened bird species

  : 37.0 (2022)

• Threatened fish species

  : 127.0 (2022)

• Threatened mammal species

  : 133.0 (2022)

• Electricity from coal

  : 20.6 % (2024)

• Electricity from gas

  : 0.0 % (2024)

• Electricity from hydropower

  : 37.0 % (2024)

• Electricity from nuclear

  : 0.0 % (2024)

• Electricity from solar

  : 4.1 % (2024)

• Electricity from wind

  : 0.0 % (2024)

• Greenhouse gases per capita

  : 0.41 (2024)

• Greenhouse gases (total)

  : 12.9 M (2024)

• Fine particulate exposure (PM2.5)

  : 11.6 (2024)

• Tree cover loss

  : 262 864 (2025)

• Renewables regulatory framework (RISE)

  : 9.47 (2023)

• Forest area (absolute)

  : 12 430 (2020)

Health

• DTP3 immunization coverage

  : 60.0 % (2024)

• Measles immunization coverage

  : 46.0 % (2024)

• Under-five mortality

  : 62.4 (2024)

• Maternal mortality ratio

  : 445.0 (2023)

• Non-communicable disease mortality (ages 30-70)

  : 25.9 % (2021)

• Hypertension prevalence (ages 30-79)

  : 38.9 % (2019)

• Adult obesity prevalence

  : 4.1 % (2022)

• Diabetes prevalence (ages 20-79)

  : 4.6 % (2024)

• Smoking prevalence, adults (age-standardized)

  : 25.6 % (2024)

• Universal health coverage

  : 33.0 (2023)

• HIV prevalence (ages 15-49)

  : 0.5 % (2024)

• Physicians

  : 0.17 (2022)

• Hospital beds

  : 0.32 (2014)

• Adolescent fertility (ages 15-19)

  : 128.7 (2024)

Public finances

• Government expenditure

  : 11.0 % (2023)

• Fiscal balance

  : -1.9 % (2024)

• General government debt

  : 55.1 % (2022)

• Primary balance

  : -5.9 % (2022)

Governance

• Control of corruption

  : -1.01 (2024)

• Government effectiveness

  : -0.86 (2024)

• Political stability

  : -0.48 (2024)

• Rule of law

  : -0.88 (2024)

• Regulatory quality

  : -0.75 (2024)

• Voice and accountability

  : -0.73 (2024)

• Political regime

  : 0.0 (2025)

• Free and fair elections

  : 0.0 (2025)

Business

• Investment (gross fixed capital formation)

  : 21.0 % (2025)

• New business density

  : 0.12 (2024)

• Credit to the private sector

  : 16.2 % (2020)

• Non-performing bank loans

  : 7.6 % (2020)

• Inward foreign direct investment (amount)

  : 606.2 M$ (2024)

Consumption

• Household consumption

  : 72.8 % (2025)

• Gross national savings

  : 17.5 % (2024)

Well-being

• Self-reported life satisfaction

  : 4.17 (2025)