Turkmenistan

Economy

• GDP

  : 49.8 B$ (2025)

• GDP per capita

  : 6540 $ (2025)

• GDP growth

  : 6.3 % (2025)

• GDP, PPP

  : 172.2 B$ (2025)

• GDP per capita, PPP

  : 22602 $ (2025)

• Price level (relative cost of living)

  : 0.32 (2024)

• Unemployment

  : 4.3 % (2025)

• Youth unemployment (ages 15-24)

  : 10.0 % (2025)

• Exports

  : 14.5 % (2025)

• Imports

  : 13.7 % (2025)

• Trade balance (goods and services)

  : 386.3 M$ (2025)

• Total reserves

  : 1.5 B$ (1999)

• Foreign direct investment

  : 3.7 % (2024)

• Poverty rate

  : 35.1 % (1998)

• Agriculture

  : 12.4 % (2025)

• Industry

  : 36.0 % (2025)

• Services

  : 48.9 % (2025)

• Remittances received

  : 0.2 % (1996)

Demographics

• Population

  : 7.6 M (2025)

• Population growth

  : 1.6 % (2025)

• Net migration

  : 13 268 (2025)

• Population density

  : 15.7 (2023)

• Life expectancy

  : 70.2 yrs (2024)

• Fertility rate

  : 2.66 (2024)

• Birth rate

  : 20.9 (2024)

• Death rate

  : 5.84 (2024)

• Urban population

  : 47.1 % (2025)

• Rural population

  : 52.9 % (2025)

• Labor force

  : 2.2 M (2025)

• Infant mortality (under one year)

  : 3.2 % (2023)

• Age dependency ratio

  : 56.1 % (2023)

• Share of women in the population

  : 50.9 % (2025)

• Refugee population hosted

  : 3 409 (2024)

Social

• Education expenditure

  : 4.3 % (2024)

• Health expenditure

  : 5.5 % (2023)

• Gini index

  : 40.8 (1998)

• Internet users

  : 18.0 % (2016)

• Mobile subscriptions

  : 88.2 (2021)

• Access to electricity

  : 100.0 % (2024)

• Access to basic drinking water

  : 99.9 % (2024)

• Median income

  : 4 $ (1998)

• Income share of the top 10%

  : 31.5 % (1998)

• Primary school completion

  : 99.8 % (2025)

• Mean years of schooling

  : 11.2 yrs (2023)

• Bank account ownership

  : 9.9 % (2017)

• Labour force participation (ages 25-64)

  : 45.0 % (2025)

Defense

• Armed forces personnel

  : 57 000 (2020)

• Military expenditure

  : 2.9 % (1999)

• Death rate from armed conflicts

  : 0.0 (2025)

Environment

• CO₂ per capita

  : 10.9 (2024)

• Renewable energy

  : 0.1 % (2021)

• Renewable electricity production

  : 0.0 % (2021)

• Energy consumption

  : 4 559 (2023)

• Forest area

  : 8.8 % (2023)

• Threatened bird species

  : 19.0 (2022)

• Threatened fish species

  : 14.0 (2022)

• Threatened mammal species

  : 9.00 (2022)

• Electricity from coal

  : 0.0 % (2024)

• Electricity from gas

  : 100.0 % (2024)

• Electricity from hydropower

  : 0.0 % (2024)

• Electricity from nuclear

  : 0.0 % (2024)

• Electricity from solar

  : 0.0 % (2024)

• Electricity from wind

  : 0.0 % (2024)

• Greenhouse gases per capita

  : 13.1 (2024)

• Greenhouse gases (total)

  : 98.3 M (2024)

• Fine particulate exposure (PM2.5)

  : 29.1 (2024)

• Tree cover loss

  : 0.06 (2025)

• Renewables regulatory framework (RISE)

  : 3.15 (2023)

• Forest area (absolute)

  : 4 127 (2020)

Health

• DTP3 immunization coverage

  : 98.0 % (2024)

• Measles immunization coverage

  : 99.0 % (2024)

• Under-five mortality

  : 39.0 (2024)

• Maternal mortality ratio

  : 5.00 (2023)

• Non-communicable disease mortality (ages 30-70)

  : 25.7 % (2021)

• Hypertension prevalence (ages 30-79)

  : 40.2 % (2019)

• Adult obesity prevalence

  : 23.5 % (2022)

• Diabetes prevalence (ages 20-79)

  : 7.1 % (2024)

• Smoking prevalence, adults (age-standardized)

  : 5.4 % (2024)

• Universal health coverage

  : 81.0 (2023)

• Physicians

  : 1.93 (2023)

• Hospital beds

  : 3.60 (2021)

• Adolescent fertility (ages 15-19)

  : 20.1 (2024)

Public finances

• General government debt

  : 5.8 % (2022)

Governance

• Control of corruption

  : -1.30 (2024)

• Government effectiveness

  : -1.06 (2024)

• Intentional homicides

  : 1.01 (2015)

• Political stability

  : 0.25 (2024)

• Rule of law

  : -1.41 (2024)

• Regulatory quality

  : -1.69 (2024)

• Voice and accountability

  : -2.04 (2024)

• Political regime

  : 1.00 (2025)

• Free and fair elections

  : 0.0 (2025)

Business

• Investment (gross fixed capital formation)

  : 16.5 % (2025)

• Non-performing bank loans

  : 0.0 % (2014)

• Inward foreign direct investment (amount)

  : 1.6 B$ (2024)

Consumption

• Household consumption

  : 15.1 % (2012)

Well-being

• Self-reported life satisfaction

  : 5.47 (2021)